Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Synergistically Enhances Induction of E-Selectin by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

Abstract

VEGF alone does not activate endothelium to induce CAM expression; instead, VEGF "primes" endothelial cells, sensitizing them to cytokines leading to heightened selective pro-inflammatory responses, including upregulation of E-selectin.