Evaluation of a New Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Unprocessed Fetal Bovine Serum

Abstract

A new sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (S-ELISA) kit that uses raw (unprocessed) fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the testing sample was evaluated for upstream bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) testing. Pooled FBS samples (n = 84) were tested using the S-ELISA. Thirty serum samples originating from persistently infected (PI) calves that had been confirmed by virus isolation (VI) as BVDV positive and another 30 samples previously confirmed by VI as BVDV negative were also evaluated. Of the 84 field samples, the S-ELISA detected 13 (15.5%) BVDV-positive specimens. When these 13 positive samples were tested by VI and immunofluorescent assay, 11 (84.6%) were positive and 2 (15.4%) were negative. The S-ELISA was positive for all 30 PI samples (100%) and negative for all 30 negative samples (100%). These data indicate that the new kit is a relatively reliable diagnostic tool and can be considered for upstream detection of BVDV-contaminated raw FBS pools.