2006 · 13 citations · 9 references
EngineeringAgingMechanical EngineeringHuman FaceAnatomyBiomedical EngineeringComputational MechanicsDermatologyBiogerontologyAging ProcessMechanicsLongevityBiomechanicsPhysical AgingAesthetic SurgeryFacial ReconstructionFacial PtosisControl PointsPhysiologyCraniofacial SurgeryMedicinePlastic Surgery
Due to the fact that the aging human face encompasses skull bones, facial muscles, and tissues, we render it using the effects of flaccidity through the observation of family groups categorized by sex, race and age. Considering that patterns of aging are consistent, facial ptosis becomes manifest toward the end of the fourth decade. In order to simulate facial aging according to these patterns, we used surfaces with control points so that it was possible to represent the effect of aging through flaccidity. The main use of these surfaces is to simulate flaccidity and aging consequently.
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Feature-based image metamorphosis
Thaddeus Beier, Shawn Neely · 1992 · 913 citations · Full text
A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
Keith Waters · 1987 · 742 citations · Full text
Parameterized Models for Facial Animation
Parke · IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications · 1982 · 483 citations