Perceptual and Motor Skills · 1970 · 31 citations · 14 references
Social SciencesPsychologySocial PsychologyEye MovementsSocial PerceptionVisual PerceptionEye ContactEye Movement AnalysisGaze PerceptionImpression FormationPerson PerceptionPerspective TakingEye Gaze BehaviorSemantic Differential Scale DevelopmentSemantic Differential Scaling
Stimulus photographs were prepared of models in 3 conditions, looking straight into the camera, looking downward, and looking sideways. Photographs were shown to 48 Ss who were told to assume they were interviewing the models for jobs. Ss rated models on 15 semantic differential scales and a salary scale, and answered some other brief questions. Eye position influenced response to models. Significant differences were found for 11 of 16 scales in comparisons of straight and downward gazes and for 2 of 16 scales in comparisons of straight and sideways gazes.
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Some functions of gaze-direction in social interaction
Adam Kendon · Acta Psychologica · 1967 · 2.5K citations
Nonverbal Leakage and Clues to Deception<sup>†</sup>
Paul Ekman, Wallace V. Friesen · Psychiatry · 1969 · 1.8K citations
Eye-Contact, Distance and Affiliation
Michael Argyle, Janet B. Dean · Sociometry · 1965 · 1.8K citations
A. Linksz · Archives of Ophthalmology · 1966 · 581 citations
Eckhard H. Hess · Scientific American · 1965 · 516 citations