Thin layer design of X-cut LiNbO₃ modulators

Abstract

Microwave-optical velocity matching and 50 /spl Omega/ impedance matching are difficult to achieve with LiNbO/sub 3/ traveling wave modulators. We perform a detailed study (simulations) of the microwave and optical performance characteristics for modulators using thin layer (few micrometers), X-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ and find significant improvements in velocity and impedance matching together with a lower V/sub /spl pi//L.