IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · 2001 · 96 citations · 6 references
EngineeringElectrical EngineeringAntennasDigital CommunicationWireless CommunicationsAntenna ArraysAntenna ParametersBeam SteeringBeamformingReceiver SystemsSmart AntennasAdaptive AntennasAdaptive BeamformingAntenna CalibrationAntenna Pattern CalibrationArray CalibrationInterferenceInterference SuppressionReal-time Calibration
Adaptive arrays are especially effective in reducing cochannel interference and increasing channel capacity in time-division duplex (TDD) mobile communication systems because, ideally, the optimum pattern formed in the receiving mode can be applied to the transmitting pattern. However, since the radiation pattern of the adaptive array is generally formed on a baseband, the amplitude and phase errors must be calibrated between the branches of the array due to individual differences in the radio frequency (RF) devices of the receivers and transmitters. Moreover, since these errors change over time due to temperature variations, real-time calibration is required. This correspondence proposes an automatic calibration method using transmitting signals (ACT) for adaptive base station antennas that is suitable for TDD communication systems, i.e., it enables real-time calibration. The effectiveness of the proposed calibration method is demonstrated using an experimental adaptive array testbed.
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Smart antennas for wireless systems
J.H. Winters · IEEE Personal Communications · 1998 · 707 citations
Digital beamforming for radar systems
H. Steyskal, John F. Rose · Microwave journal · 1989 · 58 citations