A study of the cardiac effects of bromochlorodifluoromethane (Halon 1211) exposure during exercise

Abstract

Bromochlorodifluoromethane (halon 1211, a fire extinguisher), like other fluorocarbons, has been linked with ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial depression. Ten healthy firefighters, aged 40-50, were exposed to 1,000 ppm halon while exercising, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover experiment, and were monitored during and after exposure. Complex ectopy (ventricular couplets and idioventricular rhythm) occurred in two subjects with halon, but none with placebo. One subject had 49.5 ventricular premature beats (VPB)/hour during the period of halon exposure and subsequent 8 hours and only 8.7 VPB/hour during the same period of placebo. In addition, 8 of the 10 subjects had a smaller systolic blood pressure rise during exercise with halon than with placebo. None of the observed differences was statistically significant. These results are consistent with findings in other investigations, suggesting that occupational fluorocarbon exposures may be cardiotoxic in certain individuals, although the small sample sizes used in this and other studies have resulted in limited statistical power to demonstrate this effect.