Miniaturized Dual-Band Hybrid Couplers With Arbitrary Power Division Ratios

Abstract

Branch-line and rat-race couplers are designed to have dual-band operation with arbitrary power division ratios. An elementary two-port is proposed to imitate the 90 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">deg</sup> section at the two designated frequencies with different characteristic impedances. The two-port consists of a stepped-impedance section with open stubs attached to its two ends, and its circuit parameters are determined by the transmission line theory. The use of the stepped-impedance sections also leads to circuit miniaturization. By the standard microstrip technology, investigated also includes the realizable power division ratios and circuit bandwidths in the two bands, the upper limit of the ratio of the two designated frequencies and the miniaturization factor of the proposed circuit. Hybrid couplers operating at 2.45/5.2 GHz with various power division ratios are designed, fabricated and tested. Experiment results are compared with the theory and simulation.