Synthesis and properties of new fluorinated polymers bearing pendant imidazole groups for fuel cell membranes operating over a broad relative humidity range

Abstract

Abstract New alternating copolymers comprising a chlorotrifluorinated backbone and imidazole‐terminated pendant ethylene oxide groups have been prepared with a view to their use as a component of proton‐conducting membranes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. A vinyl ether containing an imidazole (Imi) function protected by a benzyl group (BVI) was first synthesized in a three‐step reaction. It was then copolymerized in solution with chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) by conventional radical copolymerization leading to alternating poly(BVI‐alt‐CTFE) copolymers in good yields. Deprotection of the benzyl group under hydrogen produced a chlorotrifluorinated poly(Imi‐alt‐CTFE) copolymer. The polymer was subsequently used to form blend membranes with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK). The conductivity of blend membranes of poly (Imi‐alt‐CTFE) with sPEEK lies in the range of 4–10 mS cm −1 at 40–70 °C and, for blend membranes rich in poly(Imi‐alt‐CTFE), is little dependent on relative humidity between 30 and 100%. It is surmised that the polymer and membrane composition favor microstructural phase separation into chlorotrifluorinated polymer backbone domains and regions in which imidazole groups are clustered. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 223–231, 2010