Mineralogy and origin of Tertiary interbasaltic clays from the Faeroe Islands, Northeastern Atlantic

Abstract

Abstract Mineralogical and chemical examination of Tertiary interbasaltic clays from the Faeroe Islands revealed three types of alteration of volcanic tufts and basalts: (1) Argillization of volcanic tuffs within a lacustrine environment resulted in the formation of aluminous beidellites and metahalloysites; these clays are associated with extensive coal layers at Suduroy. (2) Argillization of volcanic tuffs due to hydrothermal action resulted in the formation of thick layers of ferriferous beidellites associated with small amounts of hematite and zeolite (e.g. at Nolsoy). (3) Meteoric alteration of volcanic tufts and basalts, which took place under hot climatic conditions and contrasting seasons, led to the development of ferriferous and aluminous-ferriferous beidellites, metahalloysite, kaolinite, hematite and goethite in low (Høv profile) or high (Øravik profile) topographical positions. The three processes occurred individually or were superimposed.