Costs of Health Care Use by Women HMO Members With a History of Childhood Abuse and Neglect

TLDR

Early childhood maltreatment is linked to adverse adult health outcomes, yet the extent of associated adult health care use and costs remains poorly quantified. The study compared annual health care use and costs between women with and without histories of childhood sexual, emotional, or physical abuse or neglect. Researchers sampled 1,225 HMO women who completed a childhood trauma questionnaire and matched their responses to automated cost‑accounting data on total, outpatient, primary care, and emergency department expenses. Women reporting any abuse or neglect incurred median annual costs $97 higher, while those with sexual abuse histories had $245 higher costs, along with increased primary care, outpatient, and emergency department utilization, suggesting that individual differences are modest but the aggregate societal cost is substantial.

Abstract

<h3>Background</h3> Early childhood maltreatment has been associated with adverse adult health outcomes, but little is known about the magnitude of adult health care use and costs that accompany maltreatment. We examined differences in annual health care use and costs in women with and without histories of childhood sexual, emotional, or physical abuse or neglect. <h3>Methods</h3> A random sample of 1225 women members of a health maintenance organization completed a 22-page questionnaire inquiring into childhood maltreatment experiences as measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Health care costs and use data were obtained from the automated cost-accounting system of the health maintenance organization, including total costs, outpatient and primary care costs, and emergency department visits. <h3>Results</h3> Women who reported any abuse or neglect had median annual health care costs that were $97 (95% confidence interval, $0.47-$188.26) greater than women who did not report maltreatment. Women who reported sexual abuse had median annual health care costs that were $245 (95% confidence interval, $132.32-$381.93) greater than costs among women who did not report abuse. Women with sexual abuse histories had significantly higher primary care and outpatient costs and more frequent emergency department visits than women without these histories. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Although the absolute cost differences per year per woman were relatively modest, the large number of women in the population with these experiences suggests that the total costs to society are substantial.