First record of spawning and embryonic development in <i>Octopus macropus</i> (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)

Abstract

A female Octopus macropus , the first ever observed spawning, attached eggs (4·0×1·2 mm, with a chorion stalk 4 mm in length) individually or in clusters to a hard substrate, and brooded them till hatching. Hatchlings measured 4·0 mm in dorsal mantle length, 5·5 mm in total length and were planktonic; their short arms had seven suckers each, the outer demi-branch of each gill had ten lamellae. The chromatophore pattern confirmed an earlier identification of young individuals from the plankton (Naef, 1923).