Proceedings of the IEEE · 1990 · 79 citations · 40 references
ComputingComputer ScienceAcousticsMachine LearningPhoneticsAcoustic PhoneticsNeural NetworksPattern RecognitionSpeech AcousticsSpeech RecognitionVowel ClassificationAcoustic Phonetics Of VowelsRecurrent Neural NetworksSensory Cue IntegrationSpeech UnderstandingSubsymbolic AiVocal Tract ModelingVowel AcousticsVowel Recognition
It is demonstrated that multiple sources of speech information can be integrated at a subsymbolic level to improve vowel recognition. Feedforward and recurrent neural networks are trained to estimate the acoustic characteristics of a vocal tract from images of the speaker's mouth. These estimates are then combined with the noise-degraded acoustic information, effectively increasing the signal-to-noise ratio and improving the recognition of these noise-degraded signals. Alternative symbolic strategies such as direct categorization of the visual signals into vowels are also presented. The performances of these neural networks compare favorably with human performance and with other pattern-matching and estimation techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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Kurt Hornik, Maxwell B. Stinchcombe, Halbert White · Neural Networks · 1989 · 21.2K citations
Jeffrey L. Elman · Cognitive Science · 1990 · 10.8K citations
Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators
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Hearing lips and seeing voices
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