Effects of Ultrasound and Diclofenac Phonophoresis on Inflammatory Pain Relief: Suppression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Arthritic Rats

Abstract

Ultrasound and phonophoresis treatments probably modulate and prevent the CFA-insult-induced increase in total and regional iNOS-LI neurons. Peripheral use of diclofenac phonophoresis offers little advantage over US alone in affecting the central mechanisms of nociception. The peripheral influences of US and phonophoresis on the central modulation of the spinal nociceptive processing system are important and may reflect the work being done through the neuroplasticity of spinal cord in response to peripheral input of US and phonophoresis.