Emergence of blaKPC-3-Tn4401a associated with a pKPN3/4-like plasmid within ST384 and ST388 Klebsiella pneumoniae clones in Spain

Abstract

<sec><st>Background</st> KPC carbapenemase-producing <it>Klebsiella pneumoniae</it> isolates have been increasingly detected in Europe. We report the first KPC-producing isolates characterized in Madrid, Spain. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> Twelve <it>K. pneumoniae</it> isolates recovered from clinical and surveillance cultures from eight patients (September 2009 to February 2010) that were resistant to carbapenems and resulted in a positive modified Hodge test, were screened for carbapenemase genes (PCR, sequencing and hybridization). Clonal relatedness was established by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing. Plasmid characterization included incompatibility group assay and XhoI/HindIII restriction pattern comparison. The genetic environment was characterized by PCR based on the Tn<it>4401</it> sequence. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> All 12 isolates were resistant to all β-lactams, including imipenem and meropenem (MIC ≥ 8 mg/L). Eleven of them, fully susceptible to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, showed related PFGE patterns and belonged to sequence type (ST) 384 and harboured the <it>bla</it><inf>KPC-3</inf>, <it>bla</it><inf>OKP-5</inf>, <it>bla</it><inf>OXA-9</inf> and <it>bla</it><inf>TEM-1</inf> genes, whereas one isolate resistant to quinolones belonged to ST388, and also harboured the <it>bla</it><inf>CTX-M-10</inf> gene. The <it>bla</it><inf>KPC-3</inf>, <it>bla</it><inf>OXA-9</inf> and <it>bla</it><inf>TEM-1</inf> genes were located on an ∼85 kb non-transferable plasmid that was a derivative of pKPN3/pKPN4 previously described in <it>K. pneumoniae</it>. The <it>bla</it><inf>KPC-3</inf> gene was located on the Tn<it>4401</it> ‘isoform a’ variant, which is usually linked to <it>bl</it>a<inf>KPC-2</inf>, but rarely to <it>bla</it><inf>KPC-3</inf>. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusions</st> The emergence of Tn<it>4401-bla</it><inf>KPC-3</inf> within a pKPN3/4-like plasmid and its novel association with ST384 and ST388 <it>K. pneumoniae</it> clones in Spain is reported. Although <it>bla</it><inf>KPC-3</inf> has been scarcely reported in Europe, the location of this Tn<it>4401</it>a in a widespread <it>K. pneumoniae</it> plasmid supports the possibility of broader future dissemination. </sec>