The Rhetoric of Subjectivity

Abstract

In this article, I will approach the problem of reality in fiction within the framework of the basic subjectivity of all discourse. The notion of subjectivity, both as the opposite of (illusory) objectivity, and as subject-dependency, but in the first place considered as activity of subjects, will be amply discussed. First I will briefly present the rather commonplace view that all discourse is subjective. As far as the relation between reality and discourse is concerned, there is no basic difference between history and fiction (see also Smith 1978). The fallacy of an objective difference is rooted in our traditional interpretation of Aristotle's notion of mimesis, seen as fiction. This concept has been open to recent interpretation. It is precisely on the basis of our revision of Aristotle's ideas as well as of the theoretical work done in the field of narratology that I wish to make a claim for the case that all presentation of reality in fiction should be seen in its subjective aspects. The mediation brought about by the use of language has its source in the process of interaction of subjects that aspire toward the being taken for granted of certain meanings by all parties concerned. This effort canno.t be but rhetorical. The unavoidable use of rhetoric in social behavior is a political act. Criticism of this process requires a detailed analysis of discursive subjects and the way they communicate meanings. The case of the Samson and Delilah tale (Judges 13-16) serves to illustrate the point.