Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · 2007 · 346 citations · 17 references
Natural SciencesEarth SciencesOceanographyAtmospheric SciencePhysical OceanographyTropical MeteorologyData AssimilationOcean ForecastingOcean-atmosphere CouplingSea Surface TemperatureTropical Cyclone ForecastingTropical Weather PredictionAir-sea Interaction ModelingOcean Coupling In Tropical Forecast ModelsOcean Wave ResponseTropical Cyclone Ocean ResponseWave Model
he record-setting 2005 hurricane season has highlighted the urgent need for a better understanding of the factors that contribute to hurricane intensity, and for the development of corresponding advanced hurricane prediction models to improve intensity forecasts. The lack of skill in present forecasts of hurricane intensity may be attributed, in part, to deficiencies in the current prediction models-insufficient grid resolution, inadequate surface and boundary-layer formulations, and the lack of full coupling to a dynamic ocean. The extreme high winds, intense rainfall, large ocean waves, and copious sea spray in hurricanes push the surface-exchange parameters for temperature, water vapor, and momentum into untested regimes.
17
Wind stress on a water surface
H. Charnock · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · 1955 · 1.9K citations
Reduced drag coefficient for high wind speeds in tropical cyclones
Mark D. Powell, Peter J. Vickery, Timothy A. Reinhold · Nature · 2003 · 1.5K citations
On the limiting aerodynamic roughness of the ocean in very strong winds
Mark A. Donelan, Brian K. Haus, Nicolás Reul et al. · Geophysical Research Letters · 2004 · 896 citations · Full text