Transition Metals in Personal Samples of PM2.5 and Oxidative Stress in Human Volunteers

TLDR

Ambient particulate matter is linked to lung cancer, possibly through oxidative stress driven by transition metals in the particles. The study investigates how personal exposure to water‑soluble transition metals in PM₂.₅ relates to oxidative DNA damage. In 49 Copenhagen students, researchers measured vanadium, chromium, iron, nickel, copper, and platinum in twice‑yearly personal PM₂.₅ samples and assessed 8‑oxodG levels in lymphocytes and urine. Lymphocyte 8‑oxodG increased by 1.9 % per µg/L vanadium and 2.2 % per µg/L chromium, independently of PM₂.₅ mass, while other metals showed no association, indicating vanadium and chromium contribute to oxidative DNA damage beyond particle mass.

Abstract

Ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with increased risk of lung cancer. One proposed mechanism is that PM induces oxidative stress mediated by transition metals contained within this mixture. We examined the relationship between the personal exposure to water-soluble transition metals in PM(2.5) and oxidative DNA damage. In 49 students from central Copenhagen, we determined PM(2.5) exposure by personal sampling twice in 1 year, and measured in these PM(2.5) samples the concentration of the soluble transition metals vanadium, chromium, iron, nickel, copper, and platinum. Collected lymphocytes and 24-hour urine samples were analyzed for DNA damage in terms of 7-hydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). We found that the 8-oxodG concentration in lymphocytes was significantly associated with the vanadium and chromium concentrations with a 1.9% increase in 8-oxodG per 1 microg/L increase in the vanadium concentration and a 2.2% increase in 8-oxodG per 1 microg/L increase in the chromium concentration. We have previously reported that in this study population the personal exposure to PM(2.5) was associated with an increase in 8-oxodG in lymphocytes. However, vanadium and chromium were associated with the 8-oxodG concentration in lymphocytes independently of the PM(2.5) mass concentration. The four other transition metals were not associated with 8-oxodG in lymphocytes and none of the transition metals was significantly associated with 8-oxodG in urine. Our results could indicate that vanadium and chromium present in PM(2.5) have an effect on oxidative DNA damage that is independent of particle mass and/or other possible toxic compounds contained within this particulate mixture.