<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Forms Surface‐Attached Communities in the Middle Ear of Experimentally Infected Chinchillas

Abstract

On the basis of these data, we conclude that pneumococci form biofilms in vivo and that this process may be intertwined with the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. These findings provide new insights into the potential causes of antibiotic treatment failure and bacterial persistence in chronic pneumococcal otitis media.