Dust in fusion devices - experimental evidence, possible sources and consequences

TLDR

Dust can significantly affect fusion devices, with production mechanisms including plasma‑induced growth during discharge. The study investigates how dust particles affect safety, plasma operations, and performance in fusion devices. Dust from TEXTOR‑94 was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Dust particles ranged from millimetres to sub‑100‑nm, with the smallest showing plasma‑induced growth morphology and some exhibiting ferromagnetism.

Abstract

Dust can play an important role in fusion devices. Various mechanisms for dust production are discussed including the possible growth of particulates during the fusion plasma discharge itself. Samples of dust from TEXTOR-94 are analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The particle size ranges from millimetres down to < 100 nm. The morphology of the smallest particles suggests their plasma-induced growth. Part of the dust is ferromagnetic. The impact of dust particles on safety, plasma operations and performance is addressed.