An intraindividual process approach to the relationship between extraversion and positive affect: Is acting extraverted as "good" as being extraverted?

TLDR

The study examines whether within‑person fluctuations in extraversion predict corresponding changes in positive affect. Three studies were conducted: two diary studies measuring extraversion and positive affect at 3‑hourly and weekly intervals, and an experiment manipulating extraversion within a fixed situation. Within‑person increases in extraversion are linked to higher positive affect, mirroring between‑person effects and suggesting that acting extraverted can enhance well‑being.

Abstract

This article investigates whether rapid variation within a person in extraversion is associated with positive affect variation in that person. In Study 1, participants reported their extraversion and positive affect every 3 hr for 2 weeks. Each participant was happier when acting extraverted than when acting introverted. Study 2's diary methodology replicated the relationship for weekly variations in positive affect. Study 3's experimental methodology replicated the relationship when extraversion was manipulated within a fixed situation. Thus, the relationship between extraversion and positive affect, previously demonstrated between persons, also characterizes the internal, ongoing psychological functioning of individuals and is likely to be explained by something capable of rapid intraindividual variation. Furthermore, traits and states are at least somewhat isomorphic, and acting extraverted may increase well-being.