Serum Uric Acid and Target Organ Damage in Primary Hypertension

TLDR

The role of serum uric acid as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal morbidity is controversial. A better understanding of its relationship with preclinical organ damage may help clarify the mechanisms implicated in early cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the association between uric acid and target organ damage in 425 untreated essential hypertensive patients, measuring left ventricular mass index and carotid intima‑media thickness by ultrasound and albuminuria via albumin‑to‑creatinine ratio in three first‑morning urine samples. Higher serum uric acid levels were associated with greater prevalence and severity of left ventricular hypertrophy, carotid abnormalities, and microalbuminuria, with each SD increase in uric acid linked to a 75 % higher risk of cardiac hypertrophy and a two‑fold risk of carotid abnormalities, supporting uric acid as an independent, modifiable marker of cardiovascular damage.

Abstract

The role of serum uric acid as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal morbidity is controversial. A better understanding of its relationship with preclinical organ damage may help clarify the mechanism(s) implicated in the development of early cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the association between uric acid and the presence and degree of target organ damage in 425 (265 males, 160 females) middle-aged, untreated patients with essential hypertension. Left ventricular mass index and carotid intima-media thickness were assessed by ultrasound scan. Albuminuria was measured as the albumin to creatinine ratio in 3 nonconsecutive first morning urine samples. Overall, patients with target organ damage had significantly higher levels of serum uric acid as compared with those without it (presence versus absence of left ventricular hypertrophy, P =0.04; carotid abnormalities, P <0.05; microalbuminuria, P <0.004; and at least 1 versus no organ damage, P <0.03). In women, the occurrence and severity of each target organ damage we examined increased progressively from the lower to the upper serum uric acid tertiles ( P <0.01). After adjustment for body mass index, age, creatinine clearance, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, each standard deviation increase in serum uric acid entailed a 75% higher risk of having cardiac hypertrophy and a 2-times greater risk of having carotid abnormalities. These results support the role of serum uric acid as an independent, modifiable marker of cardiovascular damage.