Degradable Poly(ester amide)s for Biomedical Applications

TLDR

Poly(ester amide)s are a class of biodegradable polymers whose ester and amide linkages afford tunable thermal, mechanical, and degradable properties, and whose microstructure can be engineered through diverse monomers and synthetic routes. This review surveys emerging biomedical uses of poly(ester amide)s—including drug delivery systems, hydrogels, tissue engineering scaffolds, adhesives, and smart materials—and catalogs the principal functionalized families that have been developed. The authors compile and analyze the synthetic strategies and functionalization approaches that generate poly(ester amide)s tailored for these biomedical applications.

Abstract

Poly(ester amide)s are an emerging group of biodegradable polymers that may cover both commodity and speciality applications. These polymers have ester and amide groups on their chemical structure which are of a degradable character and provide good thermal and mechanical properties. In this sense, the strong hydrogen‑bonding interactions between amide groups may counter some typical weaknesses of aliphatic polyesters like for example poly(e-caprolactone). Poly(ester amide)s can be prepared from different monomers and following different synthetic methodologies which lead to polymers with random, blocky and ordered microstructures. Properties like hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio and biodegradability can easily be tuned. During the last decade a great effort has been made to get functionalized poly(ester amide)s by incorporation of a-amino acids with hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine pendant groups and also by incorporation of carbon-carbon double bonds in both the polymer main chain and the side groups. Specific applications of these materials in the biomedical field are just being developed and are reviewed in this work (e.g., controlled drug delivery systems, hydrogels, tissue engineering and other uses like adhesives and smart materials) together with the main families of functionalized poly(ester amide)s that have been developed to date.