Photonic-crystal slow-light enhancement of nonlinear phase sensitivity

TLDR

The study demonstrates that slow group velocities in photonic‑crystal systems can dramatically amplify phase shifts induced by small refractive‑index changes. The authors use photonic‑crystal slow‑light structures to design sub‑20 µm × 200 µm all‑optical switches operating at modest power levels. The enhanced phase sensitivity enables the fabrication of sub‑20 µm × 200 µm switches, reduces power requirements, and permits packing of ~10^5 devices on a 2 cm × 2 cm surface, advancing large‑scale all‑optical integration.

Abstract

We demonstrate how slow group velocities of light, which are readily achievable in photonic-crystal systems, can dramatically increase the induced phase shifts caused by small changes in the index of refraction. Such increased phase sensitivity may be used to decrease the sizes of many devices, including switches, routers, all-optical logical gates, wavelength converters, and others. At the same time a low group velocity greatly decreases the power requirements needed to operate these devices. We show how these advantages can be used to design switches smaller than 20 µm×200 µm in size by using readily available materials and at modest levels of power. With this approach, one could have ∼105 such devices on a surface that is 2 cm×2 cm, making it an important step towards large-scale all-optical integration.