IMMUNOSTAINING OF LEWIS X IN CELLS FROM VOIDED URINE, CYTOPATHOLOGY AND ULTRASOUND FOR NONINVASIVE DETECTION OF BLADDER TUMORS

Abstract

Immunostaining of the Lewis X antigen is significantly more sensitive than cytopathology for the detection of low grade as well as high grade tumor cells in voided urine. Immunocytological evaluation of 2 consecutive voided urine specimens for the Lewis X antigen is the most sensitive method currently available for noninvasive detection of transitional cell tumors. This assay may replace cystoscopy for detection of bladder cancer.