Philadelphia-Negative Classical Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Critical Concepts and Management Recommendations From European LeukemiaNet

TLDR

The review outlines key concepts and management recommendations for Philadelphia‑negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms, covering monitoring, response criteria, first‑ and second‑line therapies, and special‑issue treatments. The recommendations were developed through a Delphi process and two consensus conferences with 21 European LeukemiaNet experts, focusing on clinically relevant questions. High‑risk PV and ET patients (age > 60 yr or prior thrombosis) should receive phlebotomy, low‑dose aspirin, and cytoreduction (hydroxyurea or interferon for PV; hydroxyurea for ET), while PMF risk stratification uses IPSS/dynamic IPSS plus cytogenetics and transfusion status, with hydroxyurea for splenomegaly, other agents for anemia, and splenectomy for refractory cases.

Abstract

We present a review of critical concepts and produce recommendations on the management of Philadelphia-negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms, including monitoring, response definition, first- and second-line therapy, and therapy for special issues. Key questions were selected according the criterion of clinical relevance. Statements were produced using a Delphi process, and two consensus conferences involving a panel of 21 experts appointed by the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) were convened. Patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) should be defined as high risk if age is greater than 60 years or there is a history of previous thrombosis. Risk stratification in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) should start with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) for newly diagnosed patients and dynamic IPSS for patients being seen during their disease course, with the addition of cytogenetics evaluation and transfusion status. High-risk patients with PV should be managed with phlebotomy, low-dose aspirin, and cytoreduction, with either hydroxyurea or interferon at any age. High-risk patients with ET should be managed with cytoreduction, using hydroxyurea at any age. Monitoring response in PV and ET should use the ELN clinicohematologic criteria. Corticosteroids, androgens, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and immunomodulators are recommended to treat anemia of PMF, whereas hydroxyurea is the first-line treatment of PMF-associated splenomegaly. Indications for splenectomy include symptomatic portal hypertension, drug-refractory painful splenomegaly, and frequent RBC transfusions. The risk of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation-related complications is justified in transplantation-eligible patients whose median survival time is expected to be less than 5 years.