Partial encryption of compressed images and videos

TLDR

The growing demand for efficient multimedia storage and transmission, especially over wireless networks, makes real‑time encryption of images and video challenging, and existing combined compression‑encryption methods are either insecure or computationally heavy. The authors propose partial encryption, encrypting only a subset of compressed data to balance security and speed. Partial encryption is applied to several image and video compression algorithms, encrypting only a fraction of the compressed output. Experiments show that encrypting 13–27 % of quadtree output or less than 2 % of SPIHT output yields fast, secure partial encryption without degrading compression performance.

Abstract

The increased popularity of multimedia applications places a great demand on efficient data storage and transmission techniques. Network communication, especially over a wireless network, can easily be intercepted and must be protected from eavesdroppers. Unfortunately, encryption and decryption are slow, and it is often difficult, if not impossible, to carry out real-time secure image and video communication and processing. Methods have been proposed to combine compression and encryption together to reduce the overall processing time, but they are either insecure or too computationally intensive. We propose a novel solution called partial encryption, in which a secure encryption algorithm is used to encrypt only part of the compressed data. Partial encryption is applied to several image and video compression algorithms in this paper. Only 13-27% of the output from quadtree compression algorithms is encrypted for typical images, and less than 2% is encrypted for 512/spl times/512 images compressed by the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) algorithm. The results are similar for video compression, resulting in a significant reduction in encryption and decryption time. The proposed partial encryption schemes are fast, secure, and do not reduce the compression performance of the underlying compression algorithm.