Numerical modeling of undercut ridge VCSELs designed for CW operation at 1.3 μm: design optimization

Abstract

Optimized undercut ridge long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers (LW-VCSEL's) are investigated and the influence of thermal effects on the light versus current characteristics is analyzed by thermal-electric, optical, and electronic modeling. The model includes nonuniform current injection, carrier diffusion, stimulated emission, distributed heat sources, and active material band structure calculations. Device parameters such as thermal resistance, threshold current, and external quantum efficiency are evaluated, in an attempt to provide an understanding of the current-funneling mechanism and the thermal limitations of such devices. Simulated power versus current characteristics exhibit the typical thermal roll-over in CW operation.