The use of leak-off tests as means of predicting minimum <i>in-situ</i> stress

Abstract

Leak-off tests (LOTs) or, preferably, extended leak-off tests (XLOTs), can be successfully used in minimum in-situ stress, S 3 , estimations. Selecting a point on the leak-off graph that represents the best proxy for S 3 can reduce inaccuracies in the use of LOTs as a means of determining S 3 . If the testing procedure is well conducted and recorded, picking the leak-off pressure (LOP) or instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP) gives equally valid estimates of S 3 . During testing, most of the pressure applied in the deduction of S 3 is exerted by the static mud column, particularly in overpressured settings where higher drilling mud weights are used. Since the mud column contributes such a large proportion of the applied pressure, estimating S 3 from tests conducted at greater depth means the observed small difference between LOP and ISIP has even less of an effect on the deduced S 3 value. The data used in this study show that LOP closely matches ISIP when considering multiple cycle XLOTs. It can therefore be inferred that the LOP is the fracture re-opening pressure and hence S h given that the assumptions made by the Kirsch equation for wellbore failure are upheld. This study also considers the implications for calculating the magnitude of S H .