Insulin infused at 0.05 versus 0.1 units/kg/hr in children admitted to intensive care with diabetic ketoacidosis*

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of infusing insulin at 0.05 units/kg/hr rather than 0.1 units/kg/hr in children admitted to the intensive care unit with diabetic ketoacidosis. DESIGN: A retrospective observational study. SETTING: A tertiary pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS: All children with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted during the 6-yr period from 2000 to 2005. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The effective plasma osmolality (plasma glucose concentration in mmol/L + twice the plasma sodium concentration in mmol/L), plasma glucose, plasma sodium, fluid intake, and acid-base status 12 hrs after the commencement of the insulin infusion. Compared to the 34 children who received 0.1 units/kg/hr of insulin, the 33 children who received 0.05 units/kg/hr of insulin were younger (median age, 25 mos vs. 62 mos, p = .024) and had a more gradual reduction in the effective plasma osmolality over the first 12 hrs (p < .0005); this was because plasma glucose decreased more slowly (p = .004) and plasma sodium increased faster (p < .0005). Both groups had a satisfactory improvement in acidosis and ketosis, and they had a similar length of stay in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of using 0.05 units/kg/hr of insulin to treat children with diabetic ketoacidosis. The smaller dose of insulin may make it easier to lower the effective plasma osmolality gradually and might, therefore, reduce the risk of cerebral edema.