DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION: A Tool in Turbulence Research

TLDR

DNS is a research tool, not a brute‑force solution to the Navier–Stokes equations, and the wide range of turbulent scales demands careful numerical treatment. The authors review DNS of turbulent flows, illustrate its complementary role with experiments, and discuss illustrative examples. They discuss numerical issues such as boundary conditions and spatial and temporal discretization. DNS has yielded significant insights into turbulence physics, enabled evaluation of measurement accuracy, and advanced turbulence modeling and understanding of turbulent boundary layers.

Abstract

▪ Abstract We review the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent flows. We stress that DNS is a research tool, and not a brute-force solution to the Navier-Stokes equations for engineering problems. The wide range of scales in turbulent flows requires that care be taken in their numerical solution. We discuss related numerical issues such as boundary conditions and spatial and temporal discretization. Significant insight into turbulence physics has been gained from DNS of certain idealized flows that cannot be easily attained in the laboratory. We discuss some examples. Further, we illustrate the complementary nature of experiments and computations in turbulence research. Examples are provided where DNS data has been used to evaluate measurement accuracy. Finally, we consider how DNS has impacted turbulence modeling and provided further insight into the structure of turbulent boundary layers.