Psycholinguistic Markers for Specific Language Impairment (SLI)

TLDR

The study aimed to evaluate multiple psycholinguistic markers simultaneously, compare their individual and combined effectiveness for identifying SLI, and relate marker performance to nonverbal IQ and current language status. A cohort of 160 eleven‑year‑old children with confirmed SLI completed four tasks—third‑person singular, past tense, nonword repetition, and sentence repetition—to serve as potential markers. Sentence repetition emerged as the most accurate marker, achieving 90 % sensitivity, 85 % specificity, and 88 % overall accuracy, and successfully identified most children whose current language status was normal despite a history of SLI.

Abstract

In this study 160 children, aged 11 years with a definite history of specific language impairment (SLI), completed four tasks that could be potential positive psycholinguistic markers for this impairment: a third person singular task, a past tense task, a nonword repetition task, and a sentence repetition task. This allowed examination of more than one type of marker simultaneously, facilitating both comparisons between markers and also evaluation of combinations of markers in relation to identifying SLI. The study also provided data regarding the markers in relation to nonverbal IQ, made use of new normative data on all tasks, and examined marker accuracy in relation to current language status. The results show that markers vary in accuracy, with sentence repetition (a previously unused marker) proving to be the most useful. This psycholinguistic marker shows high levels of sensitivity (90%), specificity (85%), and overall accuracy (88%), as well as being able to identify the majority of children whose current language status falls in the normal range despite a history of SLI.