Metabolic, nutritional, iatrogenic, and artifactual sources of urinary organic acids: a comprehensive table.

Abstract

A comprehensive table has been designed according to organic acids and conjugates. This table is intended to assist in the interpretation of organic acid profiles because, in addition to IEM, it also refers to other pathologic causes and to physiologic, nutritional, iatrogenic, and artifactual sources. Some preanalytical issues, including possible misinterpretations, are reviewed with regard to IEM.