Noise Injection for Search Privacy Protection

Abstract

To protect user privacy in the search engine context, most current approaches, such as private information retrieval and privacy preserving data mining, require a server-side deployment, thus users have little control over their data and privacy. In this paper we propose a user-side solution within the context of keyword based search. We model the search privacy threat as an information inference problem and show how to inject noise into user queries to minimize privacy breaches. The search privacy breach is measured as the mutual information between real user queries and the diluted queries seen by search engines. We give the lower bound for the amount of noise queries required by a perfect privacy protection and provide the optimal protection given the number of noise queries. We verify our results with a special case where the number of noise queries is equal to the number of user queries. The simulation result shows that the noise given by our approach greatly reduces privacy breaches and outperforms random noise. As far as we know, this work presents the first theoretical analysis on user side noise injection for search privacy protection.