Feasibility and outcome of epicardial pulmonary vein isolation for lone atrial fibrillation using minimal invasive surgery and high intensity focused ultrasound

Abstract

Epicardial PVI using monolateral right-sided VATS with the UltraCinch delivering HIFU is feasible, but is associated with substantial complications. Furthermore, the success rate was low. More research is therefore warranted to assess optimal ablation techniques and energy sources to perform PVI.