The Elements and Structure of Openings

Abstract

Opening refers to the activity of two or more persons moving from a condition of behavioral independence to one of interdependence. It is thus the first necessary activity that any two persons must perform successfully if they are to do anything else together. Two empirical studies focusing on this social activity were conducted with four elements of opening being delineated: (1) reciprocally acknowledged attention, (2) mutual responsiveness, (3) congruent functional identities, and (4) shared focus. Each of these elements must be constructed and maintained if concerted behavior is to occur. Evidence includes both successful and unsuccessful attempts at opening.