Depression and Type 2 Diabetes Over the Lifespan: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

We appreciate the thoughtful comments of Nouwen, Lloyd, and Pouwer (1) on our recent systematic review of the bidirectional relationship between depression and type 2 diabetes (2). They criticize the choice of only including studies that excluded cases of depression at baseline from the analysis of type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for incident depression because depression is a chronic condition and the absence of baseline depression does not rule out prior episodes. We agree with the instinct to measure the lifetime history of …