Carbon‐Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete as an Intrinsically Smart Concrete for Damage Assessment during Dynamic Loading

TLDR

Concrete with short carbon fibers (0.2–0.5 vol %) behaves as an intrinsically smart material capable of sensing elastic, inelastic deformation, and fracture. The sensing mechanism relies on changes in electrical resistance: elastic deformation produces reversible resistance changes via fiber pull‑out, while inelastic deformation and fracture cause irreversible increases due to fiber breakage and crack propagation, with fibers bridging cracks to provide a conduction path.

Abstract

Concrete containing short carbon fibers (0.2–0.5 vol%) wasfound to be an intrinsically smart concrete that can sense elastic and inelastic deformation, as well as fracture. The signal provided is the change in electrical resistance, which is reversible for elastic deformation and irreversible for inelastic deformation and fracture. The presence of electrically conducting short fibers is necessary for the concrete to sense elastic or inelastic deformation, but the sensing of fracture does not require fibers. The fibers serve to bridge the cracks and provide a conduction path. The resistance increase is due to conducting fiber pullout in the elastic regime, conducting fiber breakage in the inelastic regime, and crack propagation at fracture.