Implications of the Intermediate Boson Basis of the Weak Interactions: Existence of a Quartet of Intermediate Bosons and Their Dual Isotopic Spin Transformation Properties

Abstract

Assuming that all weak interactions are transmitted through an intermediate boson field $W$, it is shown that the observed $|\ensuremath{\Delta}\mathrm{I}|=\frac{1}{2}$ rule and the small observed mass difference between ${K}_{1}$ and ${K}_{2}$ lead to the conclusion that there exist four $W$ particles: ${W}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, ${W}^{0}$, and ${\overline{W}}^{0}$. Furthermore, a natural assignment of the isotopic spin transformation property of these $W$ particles follows a dual scheme in which the $W'\mathrm{s}$ behave sometimes as $I=\frac{1}{2}$ and sometimes as $I=1$ particles. Various experimental implications are discussed, including neutrino capture experiments, strong collisions exhibiting apparent nonconservation of strangeness, and strong collisions with apparent lepton production.