Acquiring and Refining CBT Skills and Competencies: Which Training Methods are Perceived to be Most Effective?

TLDR

Emerging evidence indicates that CBT training and supervision can improve therapist skills, yet the specific techniques most effective for developing CBT competencies remain unclear. The study aims to determine which training or supervision methods experienced CBT therapists perceive as most effective for cultivating CBT competencies. Authors surveyed 120 seasoned CBT therapists, asking them to rate the effectiveness of various training and supervision approaches for enhancing therapy‑relevant knowledge and skills. Therapists reported that reading, lectures, and modelling best enhance declarative knowledge, while role‑play, self‑experiential work, modelling, and reflective practice most improve procedural skills, with self‑experiential work and reflective practice also boosting reflective and interpersonal abilities.

Abstract

Background: A theoretical and empirical base for CBT training and supervision has started to emerge. Increasingly sophisticated maps of CBT therapist competencies have recently been developed, and there is evidence that CBT training and supervision can produce enhancement of CBT skills. However, the evidence base suggesting which specific training techniques are most effective for the development of CBT competencies is lacking. Aims: This paper addresses the question: What training or supervision methods are perceived by experienced therapists to be most effective for training CBT competencies? Method: 120 experienced CBT therapists rated which training or supervision methods in their experience had been most effective in enhancing different types of therapy-relevant knowledge or skills. Results: In line with the main prediction, it was found that different training methods were perceived to be differentially effective. For instance, reading, lectures/talks and modelling were perceived to be most useful for the acquisition of declarative knowledge, while enactive learning strategies (role-play, self-experiential work), together with modelling and reflective practice, were perceived to be most effective in enhancing procedural skills. Self-experiential work and reflective practice were seen as particularly helpful in improving reflective capability and interpersonal skills. Conclusions: The study provides a framework for thinking about the acquisition and refinement of therapist skills that may help trainers, supervisors and clinicians target their learning objectives with the most effective training strategies.