Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · 2000 · 193 citations · 10 references
Life SciencesInfectious DiseasesMicrobiologyAntimicrobial ResistanceBacteriologyMicrobial GeneticsAntibacterial ResistanceAntibiotic ResistanceAntibiotic Resistance GeneticsAntibiotic Resistance MechanismsEfflux-mediated ResistanceResistance GenesAntibiotic Resistance GenesAntimicrobial Resistance Gene DetectionBacterial Resistance DetectionEfflux-mediated Macrolide ResistanceMacrolide Resistance GenesMacrolide Resistance MechanismsResistance In Clinical IsolatesResistance Mechanisms In Staphylococci
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to study the prevalence of the macrolide resistance genes ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA/msrB, ereA and ereB, in 851 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 75 clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium that were erythromycin resistant. The isolates were from 24 European university hospitals. In S. aureus, the ermA gene was more common in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates (88%) than in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates (38%), and occurred mainly in strains with constitutive MLS(B) expression. In contrast, ermC was more common in MSSA (47%) than in MRSA (5%), occurring mainly in strains with inducible expression. The ereB gene was only found in MRSA isolates expressing a constitutive MLS(B) phenotype (1%). The ereA gene was not detected. Macrolide resistance by efflux due to the msrA/msrB gene was only detected in MSSA isolates (13%). In contrast to S. aureus, erythromycin resistance in E. faecium was almost exclusively due to the presence of the ermB gene (93%).
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Kay S. Greisen, Michael J. Loeffelholz, A P Purohit et al. · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · 1994 · 630 citations · Full text