A Novel Reversible Semi-Fragile Watermarking Algorithm of MPEG-4 Video for Content Authentication

Abstract

This paper proposes an invertible semi-fragile video watermarking algorithm using a hash function to authenticate the MPEG-4 video contents. The proposed algorithm embeds two watermarks into I frame while encoding YUV video to MPEG-4 format. One watermark using hash function aims to authenticate the contents and embed the frame number for manipulation location between frames, and the other one based on DC coefficients is used for the detection of manipulation location within the frame. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is able to authenticate the video contents and detect the manipulation location, and it is robust for MPEG-4 compression. In addition, the proposed algorithm is exactly invertible, which means that the original video data is available as long as the watermarked video is credible.