Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) in Families of Adolescent Childhood Cancer Survivors

TLDR

The study aims to describe rates and concordance of PTSD and PTSS among adolescent childhood cancer survivors and their parents. The authors evaluated 150 adolescent survivors, 146 mothers, and 103 fathers using the Impact of Events Scale–Revised, the PTSD Reaction Index, and the DSM‑IV Structured Clinical Interview for PTSD. PTSS are common in these families, with nearly 30 % of mothers meeting PTSD criteria, about 20 % of families having at least one parent with current PTSD, and 99 % of families reporting at least one member re‑experiencing symptoms, underscoring the importance of PTSD/PTSS for understanding survivors’ and families’ experiences.

Abstract

Objective To describe rates and concordance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in adolescent childhood cancer survivors and their mothers and fathers. Method Participants were 150 adolescent survivors of childhood cancer, 146 mothers, and 103 fathers who completed the Impact of Events Scale–Revised, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index, and the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. Results PTSS are common in families of childhood cancer survivors. Parents reported more symptomatology than former patients. Mothers and fathers had relatively equal rates of current PTSD and levels of PTSS. Nearly 30% of mothers met diagnostic criteria since their child's diagnosis, with 13.7% currently experiencing PTSD. Nearly 20% of families had at least one parent with current PTSD. Ninety-nine percent of the sample had at least one family member reexperiencing symptoms. Conclusions Both PTSD and PTSS help in understanding the experience of adolescent cancer survivors and their families. Within families of childhood cancer survivors, it is likely that some member may be experiencing treatable bothersome memories, arousal, or avoidance specific to the cancer experience.