Advances in Physical Metallurgy and Processing of Steels. History of Power Plants and Progress in Heat Resistant Steels.

TLDR

Over the past five decades, steam pressure and temperature in fossil‑fired power plants have risen to enhance thermal efficiency, driven by environmental and energy‑conservation demands, with current plants operating at 600 °C and future targets of 630–650 °C relying on ferritic steels. This paper reviews the historical evolution of steam conditions and heat‑resistant steel alloy design in fossil‑fired power plants, surveying current developments in creep resistance and corrosion protection. The authors conduct a historical review and survey of steel development, analyzing alloy design, creep strengthening, and corrosion resistance for power plant applications.

Abstract

During the last fifty years steam pressure and temperature in fossil-fired power plants have been continuously raised to improve thermal efficiency. Recent efforts for raising steam conditions are in response to the social demand for environmental protection as well as energy conservation concerns. Today the steam temperature of 600°C for modern power plants equipped with swing load or sliding pressure demand functions has already been realized, and a goal for the future is the 630°C to 650°C class with ferritic steels.However the 600°C to 630°C class is possible for current construction, based on already developed materials that include ferritic steels for pipework and rotors. Numerous studies on heat resistant steels actively conducted since the early 1970s have allowed great progress in both 9–12% Cr steels and austenitic steels. This paper presents a historical view of developments in steam pressure and temperature of fossil-fired power plants and alloy design for heat resistant steels in the 20th century, particularly over the last severaldecades, as well as a survey of the current status of steel development for power plants, mainly with regard to creep strengthening and enhancement of corrosion resistance.