Proceedings of the IEEE · 2006 · 55 citations · 125 references
Natural SciencesBioengineeringBiomedical EngineeringBiomechanicsComputational MechanicsMultiscale ModelingBiomechanical AnalysisBiomechanical ModelingCellular BiomechanicsComputational BiomechanicsMusculoskeletal BiomechanicsMusculoskeletal System ModelingBiomechanical Multibody ModelingBiomechanical Multibody SystemsBiomechanical SimulationBiomechanical Tissue ModelingHuman Body ModelsMusculoskeletal DynamicsMusculoskeletal MechanicsMusculoskeletal Modeling
The review focuses on the musculoskeletal system, noting that its principles also apply to other organs, and highlights the need for coordinated efforts and increased resources to address future challenges. The paper aims to survey the current state of the art in developing in silico humans capable of simulating human biomechanics across all scales. It reviews computational biomechanics at body, organ, tissue, and cell levels, emphasizing recent advances in multiscale modeling. The authors summarize the challenges of creating a truly living human model, noting that the required demands far exceed current computational biomechanics capabilities, while highlighting recent multiscale modeling achievements.
The aim of this review paper is to report on the current state of the art in creating in silico humans able to simulate the biomechanics of the human body at all scales of interest. The focus is on the musculoskeletal apparatus, although much of what is written is valid also for the biomechanical modeling of other organs. The state of the art of computational biomechanics at body, organ, tissue, and cell levels is briefly described and the most recent achievements in the area of multiscale models are discussed. In conclusion, the challenges to be faced to realize a true living human model are summarized. It is evident that the demands associated with some of these challenges greatly exceed the potential currently possessed by the computational biomechanics research community. Thus, to tackle them it will be necessary not only to coordinate all efforts in a coherent way,but also to mobilize much greater financial and human resources than are currently available.
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Hip contact forces and gait patterns from routine activities
G. Bergmann, Georg Deuretzbacher, Markus O. Heller et al. · Journal of Biomechanics · 2001 · 2.2K citations