Elevated serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels as a reflection of bone marrow renin–angiotensin system activation in multiple myeloma

Abstract

Being an important component of RAS, circulating ACE might be associated with clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. Identification of the pathobiological activity of the local RAS in MM would enlighten the biologic basis and clinical management of haematologic disorders.