Multipolar Radiofrequency Ablation with Internally Cooled Electrodes: Experimental Study in ex Vivo Bovine Liver with Mathematic Modeling

Abstract

Multipolar RF ablation with three bipolar applicators may produce large volumes of confluent coagulation ex vivo. A compromise is necessary between prolonged RF ablations at lower power outputs, which produce larger volumes of coagulation, and faster RF ablations at higher power outputs, which produce smaller volumes of coagulation.