IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · 2011 · 590 citations · 75 references
ComputingComputer ScienceComputer VisionMachine LearningMachine VisionAction RecognitionObject DetectionObject RecognitionPattern RecognitionShape AnalysisVisual TrackingRandom Forests
The paper introduces Hough forests, random forests adapted to perform a generalized Hough transform efficiently. Hough forests act as task‑adapted codebooks of local appearance that enable fast supervised training, efficient matching, low‑variance voting, and dense sampling, with their efficacy validated on large benchmark datasets. They outperform previous Hough‑based systems in categorical object detection, achieve high accuracy through optimized voting and dense sampling, and extend to tracking and action recognition, as confirmed by experiments against state‑of‑the‑art methods.
Abstract—The paper introduces Hough forests, which are random forests adapted to perform a generalized Hough transform in an efficient way. Compared to previous Hough-based systems such as implicit shape models, Hough forests improve the performance of the generalized Hough transform for object detection on a categorical level. At the same time, their flexibility permits extensions of the Hough transform to new domains such as object tracking and action recognition. Hough forests can be regarded as task-adapted codebooks of local appearance that allow fast supervised training and fast matching at test time. They achieve high detection accuracy since the entries of such codebooks are optimized to cast Hough votes with small variance and since their efficiency permits dense sampling of local image patches or video cuboids during detection. The efficacy of Hough forests for a set of computer vision tasks is validated through experiments on a large set of publicly available benchmark data sets and comparisons with the state-of-the-art.
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