Investigation of the impact of biodiesel fuelling on NO_<i>x</i> emissions using an optical direct injection diesel engine

Abstract

The impact of biodiesel fuelling on NO x emissions was investigated using an optically accessible diesel engine. A soy-based biodiesel (B100) and three separate primary reference fuel (PRF) blends were evaluated over a range of loads at an engine speed of 800 r/min. Experimental operating conditions were carefully controlled to maintain a constant start of combustion (SOC), and a PRF blend was identified that would eliminate differences in premixed-burn fraction. A load-averaged NO x increase of ∼10 per cent was observed for B100 relative to the PRF blend with matched premixed-burn fraction. The results indicate that factors other than SOC and premixed-burn fraction affect the tendency for biodiesel to increase NO x . Equilibrium calculations reveal no significant differences in stoichiometric adiabatic flame temperature between the test fuels; however, experimental data suggest that actual flame temperatures may be influenced by differences in soot radiative heat transfer. The effect of biodiesel on mixture stoichi-ometry at the lift-off length may also play an important role in increasing NO x emissions.