Optimization of cardiac resynchronization guided by Doppler echocardiography: haemodynamic improvement and intraindividual variability with different pacing configurations and atrioventricular delays

Abstract

Optimized resynchronization in heart failure patients with IVCD produces marked acute improvement of the altered cardiac cycle timing. The variability of Doppler parameters with different CRT modalities underlines the necessity of individualized settings and suggests that the patients' benefit may be jeopardized without optimization.